The Hundred Years War and War of the Roses free essay sample

The Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) was perhaps the first national war in Europe after Norman conquest England was a rising power, strong monarchy, no involvement in conflicts, English knights began rob their continental neighbours; simply because they were more powerful the fact that Edward III and Henry V had genealogical claims to the French throne was but an explanation for robbing the war was not a result of dynastic ambitions but a national matter, supported by the institutions (Parliament) it was much more profitable for an English knight to go to France to plunder than to poor Scotland that’s why in the early reign of Edward III English ambitions were redirected from Scotland to France; besides, Edward III spoke French, so he felt more at home there; French resistance against the English was actually weaker than Scottish: France did not have a spirit of the nation, was just a collection of lords; the war against France was also fuelled by the conflicts bet ween English and French merchants who sold wool to Flanders first great action of the war: battle of Sluys (1340) won by the English merchant navy; Edward III claimed the rights to the French throne and was, as the first English king, supported by the society, the Parliament; it rested on the hatred of the French in English-speaking common folk; the basis for the advantage of the English was a better social organisation: the French peasant serfs were strongly exploited and often rebelled; the English had a larger proportion of freemen, from whom the Edwards organised a trained army; the 14th century became the age of the longbow as a preferred, most powerful weapon; using it was practised by the English since early years (actually Edward III banned other sports: handball, football, hockey); English skilled archers could send an arrow through plates of armour English fighting strategy also included changing cavalry into infantry: dismounting from horses; the French were defeated by these tactics at Crecy (1346) (12,000 English against 30-40,000 French) after which Edward created his dominion in northern France and Poitiers (1 356); both battles were led by Edward the Black Prince (son of Edward III), who died in France and his son Richard II was the next king; the advantage of the English strategy was that it was defensive; later France was liberated by Du Guesclin, who changed the French strategy of blind attacks; English castles in France were successfully besieged with the use of cannon; Richard II found rival in his cousin, John Gaunt’s son, Hereford; he was murdered in his prison in 1400; Hereford was crowned as Henry IV in 1399 and opens the period of the Lancasters on the English throne (descendants of John de Gaunt) and the Yorks (descendants of his brother, Duke of York) Henry V, on his accession to the throne 1413, revived Edward III’s pretensions to the French Crown; using the strategy of the Black Prince he fought the French at Agincourt and decisively won – 1415; 5,900 English against 35,000 French (! ); 1420 Henry V was acknowledged heir to the French Crown by the Treaty of Troyes; 1422 he died, leaving his inheritance for his son, Henry VI; during the times of Henry VI came the second French revival, following the tactits of Du Guesclin; it was also the time of Jeanne D’Arc (Joan of Arc), a 17-year-old shepherdess who claimed to hearing the voice of God, persuaded him to take action, she had a flair for persuasion but no actual tactical, strategic or leadership ability together with Charles de Dauphin, Joan started the siege of Orleans (1429); It was successful for them; The French victory at Orleans was a major turning point for the French in the Hundred Years’ War Jeanne DArc was captured by the Burgundians, and turned over to the English, who found her innocent of witchcraft but guilty of schism (going against the Papacy and Church dogma by following the voice of God directly), and executed her later more victories of the French, but it took them more than 20 years until they drove the English away Results of the war: the break-up of English medieval society and a period of anarchy gaining the port of Calais for a hundred years after the war; bringing strong national self-consciousness; new patriotic feeling raised as racial hatred against the French (in the times of Elisabeth I these feelings turned against Spaniards) six years after Poitiers (1362), a statute was passed through Parliament that all judgements of English courts should be given in English and Latin (to replace French); also English became t he language taught at schools to the upper class it prepared way for English-tongue literature: Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton; WARS OF TWO ROSES the Wars of the Roses was a civil war fought over the throne of England between adherents of the House of Lancaster and the House of York both houses were branches of the Plantagenet royal house, tracing their descent(wywodzacych sie) from King Edward III the name Wars of the Roses was not used at the time, but has its origins in the badges(herby) chosen by the two royal houses, the Red Rose of Lancaster and the White Rose of York. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hundred Years War and War of the Roses or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page the reason of the conflict was the want for power, wealth and the Crown Henry VI (Lancaster) was considered a weak, ineffectual King after losing all French territories won by his predecessors; he was also known for episodes of mental illness in 1453 after the attack of Henry’s illness, a Council of Regency was set up with Lord Protector: Richard Plantagenet (head of House of York); but in 1455 Henry recovered and his power was taken by his strong wife Margaret of Anjou; Richard wanted to oppose her and the conflict started the first Battle of St. Albans; on each side there was a group of great nobles, knights, lawyers and clergy but changing of the sides and remaining neutral was very popular: most cities remained neutral and in return the armies were not destructive; the neutral majority of the society suffered little and trade went on as before; the combatants suffered severely; the fighting nobles were brutal in their treatment of one another; the war was a â₠¬Å"bleeding operation performed by the nobility upon their own body. To the nation it was a blessing in disguise. † like in France: the strategy: archers and infantry (lucznicy i piechota) the victorious figure was Edward IV from the House of York, whose restoration as King in 1471 was by some considered the end of the war the Yorkist king died suddenly in 1483, and political and dynastic turmoil erupted again; at the time of Edwards sudden and premature death, his heir, Edward V, was only 12 years old; Edward V was kept in the Tower of London, where he was later joined by his younger brother Richard Parliament gave the throne to Richard III (also York), on behalf of Edward V the two princes in the tower disappeared and were possibly murdered (mystery not finally resolved) Lancastrian hopes now centred on Henry Tudor, whose father had been an illegitimate half-brother of Henry VI; Henry Tudors forces defeated Richards at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485 and Henry Tudor became King Henry VII of England Henry strengthened his position by marrying Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV and the best surviving Yorkist claimant He reunited the two royal houses, merging the rival symbols of the red and white roses into the new emblem of the red and white Tudor Rosea

Ap Biology Lab Report Essays

Ap Biology Lab Report Essays Ap Biology Lab Report Paper Ap Biology Lab Report Paper Mitosis is accompanied by cytokines in which the end result is two completely operate cells called daughter cells. There are four phases of mitosis: protease, metaphors, anapest and telephone. Meiosis is a two-part cell division process in organisms that sexually reproduce. Meiosis produces gametes with one half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. There are two stages of meiosis: meiosis I and meiosis II. At the end of the meiotic process, four daughter cells are produced. Each of the resulting daughter cells has one half of the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Mitosis was studied first in this lab. The phases f onion root tips were observed under a microscope. The crossing-over of chromosomes in meiosis was observed by viewing photos. Hypothesis If looking under a 400 power microscope, than it is possible to observe mitosis occurring in whitefish blastula and onion root tips. If crossing-over occurs in meiosis, than the genes do not segregate until meiosis II. Materials and Methods All materials and methods followed based off of lab manual. Results Activity A: Observing Mitosis Enterprise Cells Plant Cell Protease Cells Animal Cell The cellular organelles doubled in number, the DNA replicated, and protein honesties occurred. The chromosomes are not visible and the DNA appears as uncoiled chromatin. Protease Animal Cell The chromatin condensed and the chromosomes became visible. The nucleolus disappeared, and the spindle forms and attaches to the centimeters of the chromosomes. Early and late protease can be seen. In late protease, the chromatin has condensed into chromosomes, the nucleolus is gone, and the nuclear envelope has been removed. Metaphors Cells The nuclear membrane fragmentation is complete and the duplicated chromosomes lined up along the cells equator. Anapest Cells Diploid sets of daughter chromosomes separated and were pushed and pulled toward opposite poles of the cell. This was accomplished by the popularization and differentiation of the misconstrues that helped to form the mitotic spindle. Telephone Cells The nuclear membrane and nucleoli reformed, cytokines is almost done, and the chromosomes uncoiled to chromatin. Daughter Cells The daughter cells formed and constructed a new dividing cell wall between them. Each daughter cell received a copy of the genome of its parents cell. Analysis of Results, Activity A: Observing Mitosis 1. I can infer that the two cells came from the cell a long time ago because they have similar organelles. 2. Two ways that mitosis differs in the cells of animals and higher plants is in cytokines and right before protease. In plant cells, there is a pre-protease right before protease takes place. 3. A) Nuclear envelope disappears in protease; nuclear envelope reappears in telephone B) Mitotic spindle forms in protease; mitotic spindle disappears in telephone C) Chromatin condenses into chromosomes in protease; chromosomes unwind to form chromatin in telephone D) Commentators are at opposite ends of the cell in tappets E) Nucleolus disappears in protease 4. The three sub phases of enterprise are the GIG phase, S phase, and the GO phase. In the GIG phase, cell synthesizes proteins and produces cytoplasm organelles. In the S phase, DNA synthesis occurs, and in the GO phase, the cell beings forming the spindle. 5. Both prokaryotic cell division and eukaryotic cell division replicate their DNA and use the process of cytokines. Activity B: Estimating the Relative Lengths of Mitotic Phases Table 1: Group Count I Number of Cells I I Field I Field 2 | Field 3 | Total 1-3 | Enterprise 152 146 1 57 | 155 | Protease 122 1 25 | 29 76 | Metaphors 116 1 11 191 36 | Anapest 1 5181 51 18 Telephone | 14 | 10 181 32 | I Total 1317 1 Table 2: Class Data I Class Totals I Decimal Fraction of Total Count I Estimated Time Spent in Phase I Enterprise | 582 | . 46 | 13968 | protease | 305 | . 241 7320 | Metaphors | 148 | . 121 3552 Anapest | 65 | . 051 1560 | Telephone | 171 | . 13 | 4104 | Total Cells Counted | 1271 | Analysis of Results, Activity B: Estimating the Relative Lengths of Mitotic Phases Pie Graph 2. Stages of Mitosis Ranked 1) Enterprise 2) Protease 3) Metaphors 4) Anapest 5) Telephone 3. Some phases of mitosis are longer than others because each phase has a different task, and some of the tasks of the phases are harder than others. For example, enterprise takes longer than other phases because the nuclear envelope fragments and the misconstrues attach to the chromosomes. Telephone takes the least amount of time because chromosomes only go to opposite ends of the cell and a nuclear membrane forms. Activity C: Simulating Meiosis Analysis of Results, Activity C: Simulating Meiosis 1. Sixteen combinations of the two chromosomes are possible. 2. Number of chromosome combinations= . There are gametes. 4. There are possible combinations of chromosomes for human possible combinations of chromosomes for the offspring. 5. The relationship of meiosis to variation in populations is that genes are able to move themselves and combine with different sets of genes that arent present in the parent. This causes a higher chance of survival. 6. Three ways that meiosis differs from mitosis are that meiosis occurs in reproductive cells, while mitosis occurs in somatic cells. In meiosis, a mitotic mother cell is always diploid, while in mitosis a mother cell can be haploid or diploid. In meiosis, two divisions of the mother cell causes four meiotic cells, while in mitosis, a single division of the mother cell causes two daughter cells. Activity D: Crossing-Over and Map Units Analysis Results, Activity D: Crossing-Over and Map Units Table 3 I No. Boom ASCII (4:4) | No. FOMCL ASCII or | Total ASCII I %MIMI ASCII (No. Of Ml/Total) I Gene-to Controvert Distance (%Ml/2) I Group Data | 45 65 | 110 | | 29. 5 (30) | 1 . Crossing-over increases genetic variation because when the chromatics exchange sections with each other, they get new combinations of alleles that heir parents had, which causes more chromatics. . I would expect to find more genetic variation in the population of species B because its undergoing sexual reproduction. In sexual reproduction there is more changeability because the new generation has many combinations of the genes of the two parent organisms. 3. I would conclude that there was no occurrence of recombination since the MI ASCII would be a 4:4 ra tio. Discussion My results proved my hypothesis. This is so because by looking through the microscope it was possible to view the stages of mitosis in the onion root tip and he whitefish blastula. The stages of mitosis that were visible were protease, anapest, telephone, enterprise, and metaphors. The time spent in each phase was also figured out. Enterprise was the phase that the cell spends most of its life in. Telephone was the shortest phase. We stimulated the stages of meiosis using red and yellow magnetic beads. Crossing-over in Sardinia was observed by looking at photos. Afterwards, the map units were determined. We discovered that the distance of the gene relative to the controvert in the Sardinia was fifty- nine map units.

Analysis of the Strengths, Weaknesses and Threats of FedEx

Analysis of the Strengths, Weaknesses and Threats of FedEx FedEx Corporation (FedEx) provides a comprehensive suite of services such as transportation, e-commerce and business services. The company offers printing, copying and binding services as well as video-conferencing services. The company has presence in more than 1,950 locations worldwide including Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Korea, Kuwait, Mexico, the Netherlands, the United Arab Emirates, the UK, and the US. These locations include 135 locations in seven foreign countries, as well as 30 commercial production centers. The company classified its operations under four reportable segments, namely, FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Freight and FedEx Services. In the FedEx Express segment, the company operates chiefly through Federal Express Corporation, which serves more than 306 countries and territories by delivering packages and freight through a single global network. The segment also includes FedEx Trade Networks, Inc., which provides customs brokerage, international trade se rvices, and global ocean and air cargo distribution. It operates around 49,000 ground transport vehicles, including pickup and delivery vans, larger trucks known as container transport vehicles and over-the-road tractors and trailers. It owns and leases about 700 facilities for city station operations in the US. In addition, 400 city stations are owned or leased throughout FedEx Express’s international network. Further, in May 2010, the segment had around 46,000 Drop Boxes, including 5,000 Drop Boxes outside U.S. Post Offices. As of May 31, 2010, the segment also had around 13,000 FedEx Authorized Ship Centers and other types of staffed drop-off locations, such as FedEx Office centers. Furthermore it had around 4,000 drop-off locations internationally. During 2010, FedEx Express purchased jet fuel from an assortment of suppliers under contracts that differ in length and supply for specific amounts of fuel to be delivered. Under the FedEx Ground segment, the company provides s mall-package ground delivery services, principally through its FedEx Ground Package System, Inc. It principally serves domestic residences through its FedEx Home Delivery across the US and Canada. This segment also comprises FedEx SmartPost, Inc., which deals with the transportation of less time-sensitive business to consumer packages via the US Postal Service and Canada Post Corporation, and the delivery of high volumes of low-weight. Its corporate offices and information and data centers are located in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, area in a 500,000 square-foot building. As of May 31, 2010, the segment had about 30,400 company-owned trailers and owned or leased 520 facilities, as well as 32 hubs. The hub facilities average approximately 325,000 square feet and range in size from 54,000 to 715,000 square feet. In addition, around 26,300 owner-operated vehicles support FedEx Ground’s business. FedEx Freight Corporation operated around 60,000 vehicles and trailers and 492 serv ice centers. These facilities range in size from 850 to 221,300 square feet of office and dock space. The company’s FedEx Services segment is engaged in selling and marketing, besides providing information technology support and customer services support through FedEx Corporate Services, Inc and FedEx Customer Information Services, Inc. In addition, it operates through FedEx Office and Print Services, Inc., which offers document solutions and business services. Through its FedEx Global Supply Chain Services, Inc., the company provides a wide range of supply chain solutions. FedEx Office centers are located in strip malls, office buildings or individual structures and average around 4,000 square feet in size.

Military Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Military Action - Essay Example There was a universal outcry of the acts and deeds of warlord Mohamad Farrah Aidid that needed immediate intervention. Acting on United Nations sanctioned mission therefore a group of United States soldiers invaded the city of Mogadishu. Eventually also, some positive results were recorded when the military action resulted in the prevention of Islamist terrorists from taking root: despite the fact that that was not the original humanitarian mission (Nasaw, 2009). The Black Hawk Down battle in Somalia also had its own negative results. Analysts have judged the outcome of that particular military action as one of the worse to have ever hit the United States army. Within a period of 17 hours, as many as 18 United States soldiers and 500 Somalis had fallen as victims of death in the battle. To a very large extent, much blame is put on more intelligence gathering and more strategic approach as the cause of the problem (WGBH educational foundation, 2012).there are many who hold the view that the United States army reacted rather to quickly to the call to go on that battle. By and large, leadership misappropriations may be cited as the cause of the failures that were associated with the military action in Somalia in

Win the Contract for a small business (Small remote control aircraft Essay

Win the Contract for a small business (Small remote control aircraft capable of long sustained flights) - Essay Example The organization is trying to expand their business operations by competing for Department of Defense contracts. The organization is trying to bid on a contract which is worth of more than 600,000 US dollar. Simplified acquisition method will be appropriate in this case based on the business scenario as simplified acquisition provides effective and easiest pathway to several federal contracts for small businesses. The procurement process is quite narrow and various federal contracts are kept exclusively for smaller business units. The business will consider smaller dollar buys. Simplified acquisitions are generally reserved for smaller dollar buys. Moreover, they can be utilized for the purchase of various commercial goods priced as 5 million US dollar. The small business organization can reserve the services and supplies between 2500 US dollar and 100,000 US dollar through this simplified acquisition method. This simplified acquisition method will help the small organization to rese rve the services and supplies as long as the officer of federal contract can attain several competitive offers from more than one small organization. Simplified acquisition method does not stick to a specific set of buying process (Rumbaugh, 2010). Major advantage of this method is that government officials can develop and pay blanket purchase agreements, purchase cards, purchase orders and cash for simplified acquisition methods. The small business organization can present contracting officials along with a quotation in order to win the contract through simplified acquisition method. Question 2: Analyze all parts and sections of the uniform contract format that could present a problem in this scenario. Suggest how you will adjust your approach to turn the problems you have identified into strengths for your small company. There are four parts of Uniform Contact Format such as The Schedule, Contract Clauses, List of exhibits, documents and other attachments, and representations and instruction. The small business can face several problems associated with contract clauses. Several break free clauses can create payment and cost recovery issues. In lump-sum payment issues the contractors can be engaged by the hirer based on \several exclusive aspects. If the hirer decides that the services of contractors are not necessary for a long-term, they can terminate the contractors. In this case, the contractor needs to be compensated by the hirer with a lump-sum compensation amount. This compensation amount can cross the limit of 1000 US dollar against the termination (Clifford & Warner, 2008). This termination can result in huge operating cost that can affect the business performance of the small organization. On the other hand, cost recovery issue can be a serious problem that can affect the business performance of the small business organization. In cost recovery process, contractor can be engaged by the hirers within the organization. In this case, if the hirer decid es that the long-term contract with the contractor is not necessary for future and terminates the contractor before the contract period then the hirers need to compensate the contractors for each and every reasonable cost. However, in both these cases, the organization has to face huge loss that can affect the performance of organization. Moreover, it can reduce the business output. It is clear from above discussion that several contract clauses issues can limit the business output of the organization. The organization needs to build trust among every shareholder to overcome the issues. Breach of contract can create several legal challenges. The organization

Interest Groups and Government Policies Essay Example for Free

Interest Groups and Government Policies Essay Interest groups help communicate and legitimize government policies in several ways. As instability is sure to attract political activity[1], it also attracts interest groups to meddle in such political activity. When certain government policies conflict with the specific interests of these groups, they can call the attention of the government through public demonstrations or protests. They can also use mass media to inform the general public about their views on certain government policies, thereby communicating not only their position on the issues involved but also the government policies being addressed. On the other hand, when certain government policies support the interests of these groups, they can further enhance the legitimacy of such policies by conducting a public forum designed to increase the public’s awareness on such policies, thereby gathering more public support. Even without interest groups, communicating and legitimating government policies can still be achieved. For the most part, people can still organize themselves without holding a collective interest other than the inclination to either support or protest an existing government policy. Since a more developed country is most likely populated by more interest groups[2], governments faced with the task of issuing specific policies in order to foster economic growth are most likely to face opposition from certain interest groups who oppose such policies. One example is when a government decides to issue a policy of free trade in response to the need of increasing the country’s trading activities so as to stimulate the economy. Interest groups opposing the government policy of free trade can stage demonstrations in public locations. Doing so can increase their chances of being heard by the government and, in consequence, compelling the government to adjust its policies accordingly. At the same time, these interest groups will openly communicate to the public the reasons why they oppose the policy without forcing them to join their cause. At the least, public demonstrations serve the purpose of informing the public and the government that a sector of the society opposes certain government policies. Mass media plays a key role in communicating the views of interest groups towards government policies. Since individuals interact with issues emphasized in media coverage[3], there is reason to believe that interest groups can reach and influence public perception through mass media in general. Interest groups can publish their articles through paid newspaper column space on a specific date of issue that they feel will have a lasting and strong impression on readers. Interest groups opposing specific provisions in government policies on healthcare, for instance, can pay for a space in a major newspaper where they can state their reasons for opposing the provisions and the alternatives that can be done. The method will most likely reach a large part of the population due to the large circulation of a major newspaper, thereby informing a broad segment of the public. Television and radio shows also provide avenues for interest groups to communicate to the public their position on government policies. For example, an interest group opposing the existing government policy on carbon emissions can either make a request to television networks to provide them with a show where they can air their views or accept invitations for discussions or interviews on television. Whether or not these interest groups are able to convince the viewing public, it is likely that they are still able to communicate a portion of the substance of the government policy on carbon emissions. On the other hand, interest groups can also legitimize government policies, especially those that are aligned with their concerns. One way of achieving it is to conduct a public forum where people can participate or simply listen to discussions about the policies. For instance, interest groups can hold a public forum in the town hall and discuss immediate concerns regarding the current government policy on immigration. With the immigration policy favoring their side, these interest groups can disseminate the information about the benefits of the policy which can eventually translate to more public support. Since the key principle is that the people is the source of the government’s power, public discussions conducted by interest groups which are able to gather public support for government policies further legitimize such policies. The pressure of interest groups to their Congressional Representatives can also legitimize government policies. Letters to Congressional Representatives coming from interest groups can help inform these representatives that a portion of their constituents are in support of a government policy that the representative may or may not actually favor. Through such letters, interest groups can put a pressure on their dissenting representatives to favor the government policy regardless of political affiliations. Signature campaigns when taken together with letters to Congressional Representatives can add more weight to the support given to government policies, giving these representatives more reason to align their positions with the public perception. Nevertheless, government policies can be communicated or legitimized to a certain degree despite the absence of interest groups. Other ways to achieve the goal of communicating and legitimizing government policies include signature campaigns, public dialogue with government officials and infomercials sponsored by the government. Through the initiative of a few individuals, signature campaigns can be launched in support of or opposition to certain government policies. Signature campaigns of this nature do not necessarily require the leadership of interest groups since private individuals can also gather public signatures even without an affiliation to any specific interest group. The purpose is to simply gather signatures as many as possible without attempting to form a formal group out of the total number of participants. Public dialogue with government officials can also be a way to inform the public about government policies. The dialogue can be sponsored by the office of the concerned government official or the local members of the community. Through dialogue, government officials are able to discuss in detail the purpose and nature of certain government policies. People are also given the chance to ask relevant questions to the government official whose response can further inform the public. Airing infomercials over the television or radio is also a way for the government to communicate its policies to the public and to further show the legitimacy of such policies. Since an infomercial is basically a â€Å"one-way† type of communication, it can simply inform the public about government policies at best. Government policies communicated to the public through radio or television infomercials are already assumed to be legitimate; the government is presumed to disseminate information about government policies that are lawful and approved by the concerned government agency. Despite the possibility of communicating and legitimating government policies in the absence of interest groups, it is better if interest groups are still able to challenge or reaffirm government policies especially when taken in the context of a democratic society. The presence of interest groups can indicate the health of the political activity in any country. In their absence, the legislature and the government in general may possibly overlook vital social and political concerns or abuse their power to create and enforce policies. Bibliography Bischoff, Ivo. â€Å"Determinants of the Increase in the Number of Interest Groups in Western Democracies: Theoretical Considerations and Evidence from 21 OECD Countries.† Public Choice 114, no. 1/2 (2003): 197-218. Domke, David, Dhavan V. Shah, and Daniel B. Wackman. â€Å"Rights and Morals, Issues, and Candidate Integrity: Insights into the Role of the News Media.† Political Psychology 21, no. 4 (2000): 641-65. Levmore, Saul. â€Å"Voting Paradoxes and Interest Groups.† The Journal of Legal Studies 28, no. 2 (1999): 259-81.

Public Grazing on Bureau of Land Management Land :: Agriculture Farming Environment Essays Papers

Public Grazing on Bureau of Land Management Land The Bureau of land Management is an agency of the department of the Interior. It manages 264 million acres in the western lands and over 700 acres of mineral estate nationwide. The purposes of these lands are mineral development, recreation, timber, and grazing. The on that we are going to talk about is grazing on the BLM lands and how they are improving them. In the 1930's, overgrazing was damaging the Western rangelands to a dust bowl. In Wyoming during 1909 the sheep numbers reached six million. Most of these sheep operations were nomadic, with that meant that some of these operations were keeping their sheep on public land all year round. The range land became deteriorated bye this way of grazing. By the 1920's and 1930's the ranchers and the conservationists wanted something to be done before the land got any worse. Congress knew that they had to do something before they lost their country's biggest asset. The Taylor Grazing Act (TGA) of 1934 was passed. What the TGA did was regulated grazing on public lands through using permits. With regulation of public lands they could control numbers of occupancy and uses on the land. It also could preserve the land from destruction, with that it could improve the land and develop it better. In 1964 Public Land Law Review Commission was established to make recommendations on how to manage the lan d. Congress responded to that by passing the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA) in 1976, which keeps the lands in Federal ownership. The Public Rangelands Improvement Act of 1978 was another act that improved rangelands. It realized that public rangelands were producing less than their potential. This act helps maintain and improve the conditions of the rangelands so that they become productive and usable to their highest potential again. The Executive Order 12548 of 1986, signed by President Reagan, stated that there would be annual fees for domesticated livestock grazing on public rangelands. Just in Oregon and Washington the federal government will receive over $1.8 million annually for grazing about 250,000 animals on BLM land. The BLM has improved the rangeland in Oregon by one hundred percent. With the Oregon Trail having immigrants and their cattle coming through, it destroyed the land with no grass left to graze. The BLM scattered cattle throughout the land and the grazing has improved, so has the water development.

Crime and Mental Illness Essay

Crime and Mental Illness Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The increase of crime over the years, has led to various assumptions on the causes of these rapid escalations in crime. Hence, experts including psychiatrists have been engaged in this debate. Experts have been involved in the contention as to whether mental disorders and their symptoms have a direct influence on the tendency to commit crime among the related people. The purpose of this paper is to consider the generic question about whether mental disorder is significantly correlated to crime with particular reference to the issues associated with psychiatry and forensic psychiatry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This paper will firstly explore the relationship between mental disorder symptoms and crimes as well as establish whether there is a direct relationship between symptoms of mental illness and criminality. Mental disorders, especially anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders and psychotic disorders will be discussed and considered in relation to their link to criminality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the UK, research has shown that mental health needs of young offenders are not being met, due to the lack of expertise and resources in the custody system (The Mental Health Foundation, 2002). As such, this essay aims to analyse and critique how the detained youth are diagnosed in psychiatry; predominantly focusing on the potential role of psychiatry in alleviating the mental health illnesses amongst the young offenders in the juvenile system. Crime and mental illness symptoms   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the UK, studies conducted have shown that In the UK, research has shown that the prevalence rate of mental health problems among the youth in the general population ranges at 13% for the girls and 10 percent for the boys. On the other hand, the prevalence rate of juveniles with mental disorders in the criminal justice system ranges from 25 to 81 percent (The Mental Health Foundation, 2002). While many researches have been directed towards investigating mental disorder as the cause of crime, the policy makers have also assumed that the metal illness symptoms have a direct connection to the crimes committed (Torrey, 2011). Hence, programs that have been initiated to remedy this situation have always operated under the assumption that medication and mental health treatment will reduce the criminal behavior (Skeem, Manchak & Peterson, 2011).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, some researchers have suggested a novel approach where studies are conducted on two groups of offenders: one group entails a small group of criminal offenders whose mental illness symptoms relate directly to their crime and a larger group of offenders where their crimes do not relate to their criminal behavior (Swanson et al., 2008; Skeem et al., 2011). The results of this studies indicated that for the smaller group of offenders, access to mental illness medical treatment led to reduced relapse into criminal behavior. On the other hand, studies conducted the larger group whose criminal actions were not directly connected to mental illness showed that interventions needed to go beyond the treatment of mental illness symptoms if the criminal justice outcomes was to be improved. Hence, the approach of treating mental health symptoms as a way of reducing criminal behavior relapse should not be applied indiscriminately. Ther e should be a distinctions between these two groups: one group with offender whose criminal behavior was motivated by mental health symptoms and the other group whose criminal behavior is not directly linked to mental health symptoms. Definitions of direct relationships between mental illness symptoms and criminal behavior   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to the UK law, section 1(2) of the Mental Act 2007, the mental disorders recognized include eating disorders, personality disorders, autistic spectrum disorders and mental illnesses (such as bi-polar disorder, schizophrenia, depression and learning disorders). Before one can consider the how offenders are motivated by mental illness symptoms to commit crimes, one should first consider the definition of links between the mental illness symptoms and the criminal behavior. Hence, if there is enough evidence that the suspect or defendant is suffering from significant mental illness, the prosecution may not be appropriate lest the crime committed is serious and there is a high possibility of the offender repeating the crime (The Crown Prosecution Service, 2014). According to the section two, part three of the Mental Health Act which adds a new subsection 1(2A) to the 1983 Mental Health Act, learning disability is interpreted as the in complete development of the mind including social impairment and social functioning. Under this Act, alcohol or drug dependence is not categorized under the mental disorder. However, the mental illness that are as a result of the use or the stopping of drug use are included in the interpretation of mental disorder. Under this section of the UK constitution, immoral conduct and sexual deviancy are not included in mental disorders because they are not clinically recognized to be mental disorders.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Despite the legal definition of insanity, most individuals found to be guilty due to mental insanity have been found to be primarily diagnosed with schizophrenia and were suffering from the symptoms of psychosis during the time that the crime was committed (Callahan et al., 1991). This is because the symptoms of psychosis (such as anger and impulsivity) are a direct indicator of serious mental illness and the symptoms of schizophrenia, including hallucinations and delusions, alter an individual’s sense of reality, hence motivating criminal behavior (McNiel, Eisner & Binder, 2009; Douglas, Guy & Hart, 2009). Research on the correlation between mental health symptoms and criminal behaviour   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many researches, including forensic research, have been concentrating on the connection between mental disorder and criminal behaviour. Monahan et al. (2001), conducts a study which involves more than one thousand psychiatric patients, focusing on the role psychosis plays during the precedent of the violent incident. Predominantly, patients were asked whether they experienced episodes of hallucinations or even delusions while the violent incidents transpired. The results indicated that only 12% of the patients were experiencing mental illness symptoms at the time the violent incident occurred.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Peterson et al. (2010) also conducted a similar study involving one hundred and twelve parolees with mental illness compared to one hundred and nine other parolees who were not suffering from mental illnesses. Based on the information collected through interviews and records, the offending patterns were drawn. The research findings showed that the emotionally reactive pattern of offending was common for most of the offenders, whether suffering from mental illness or not. On further investigation of the offenders with mental illness, the results indicated that only 5% of the parolees committed crimes as an outcome of their psychotic symptoms.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Junginger et al. (2006) incorporated the use of a broader definition of the symptoms of metal disorder. They conducted their study on one hundred and thirteen individuals arrested while suffering from symptoms of mental illness and other disorders of substance eligible for the jail diversion schedule. Their findings indicated that only 4% of the offenders had been arrested for committing crimes directly relating to psychosis while another 4% of the offenders were arrested for crimes that were not directly related to psychosis symptoms such as depression, confusion, irritability and thought disorder. It is, however, not clear how symptoms such as irritability are distinguished from normative personality characters and the emotional features found among offenders without mental disorders. The Difficulty in distinguishing between Symptoms and Traits   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The symptom of mental disorder and normative risk factors for crime becomes hard to distinguish once the mental illness symptoms are broadened beyond psychosis. Anger, for example is strongly related to psychosis symptoms (hallucinations and delusions), symptoms of personality disorders (which includes emotional stability), symptoms of mood disorders (anger attacks and irritability) and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (Novaco, 2011). On the other hand, anger is also a fundamental human emotion that is also a dynamic risk factor for criminal violence among both the general offenders and psychiatric patients (Gardner et al., 1996).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In another study involving one hundred and thirty-two subjects, Skeem et al. (2006) findings indicated that anger is a strong indicator of predicted violence, as opposed to other symptoms that were related to mental disease (such as delusions). Hence, approaching anger as a mental illness symptom risks making a human emotion appear as a symptom of a serious mental illness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another example of a difficult distinction involves impulsivity which is related to particular symptoms of bipolar disease including being easily distracted and excessive indulgent in pleasurable activities which has a possibility of a painful outcome (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Hence, impulsivity is a common for people suffering from bipolar disease as compared to the general population (Jimenez et al., 2012). On the other hand, impulsivity is a label common in the criteria for diagnosing antisocial personality disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) and has been proved to be one of the strongest predictors of criminal acts among both juveniles and adults (Kruger et al. 2007). Hence, it is difficult to distinguish whether impulsivity is a normative personality trait or a serious mental illness symptom. Mental illnesses and their symptoms   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Anxiety disorder involves a tendency of individuals to be withdrawn and avoid confrontation with other people. People with anxiety disorders exhibit heightened anxiety, worry and fear that this constant and overwhelming in a way that is crippling. Types of anxiety disorders includes panic disorders, social anxiety disorders, certain phobias towards a specific situation or object and generalized anxiety disorder where a person has excessive worry even when there is nothing that has provoked anxiety. A person with panic disorder is overwhelmed with a feeling of terror without warning has other symptoms such as chest pain, strong and irregular heartbeats and a feeling of being choked. General symptoms of anxiety disorders include problems with sleeping, panic, fear, shortness of breath, the inability to stay calm, dry mouth, muscle tension, nausea, dizziness and shortness of breath. While research has indicated that the youth with anxiety are less likely to be involved in aggressive tendencies (Connor, 2002), those with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have a significant susceptibility to reacting aggressively to threats and in an unexpected manner (Charney et al. 1993). On the other hand, those with posttraumatic disorder combined with conduct disorder (involving antisocial tendencies) were also found to be more aggressive and impulsive as compared with individuals with conduct disorder only (Cauffman, 1998).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bipolar disorder involves mood swings ranging from feelings of depression to mania. Bipolar disorder is divided into several categories depending on the patterns of symptoms exhibited by the patient. Bipolar I disorder entails mood swings which lead to increased difficulty in a person’s workplace, school or relationships and manic episodes can be serious. Bipolar II disorder is less serious compared to bipolar I. It involves symptoms such as elevated moods, with some minimal adjustments to the functioning of a person but the he or she can conduct the normal routine. In this case, one experiences hypomania instead of a full mania. Hypomania is a less severe form of mania compared to full mania. The third type of bipolar disorder is known as cyclothymic disorder with is the mild form of bipolar disorders. In this case, a person experiences hypomania & depression that can be disruptive, but the highs and lows are not as serious as the bipolar I and II disorders. Some symptoms involving the manic or hypo-manic stage of bipolar disorder include: Euphoria, poor judgment, aggressive tendencies, risky behavior, racing thoughts, increasing drive to achieve goals, irritability and psychosis. The depressive stage of bipolar disorder includes excessive sadness, hopelessness, suicidal behavior, fatigue, difficulty in concentrating, irritability, guilty and poor performance at school or the workplace (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015). The highs and lows experience by patients can lead them to perform criminal activities especially when they are excessively depressed and easily irritated and can respond to the actions of other members of the society in a way that is harmful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Psychotic disorders include thought disturbances involving unusual interpretations of happenings. Psychotic disorders alter the ability of a person to make rational judgments, think clearly, understand reality, communicate well and behave in the appropriate manner. Patients with severe symptoms of psychotic disorders find it difficult to stay in touch with reality and as such, they can engage in criminal activities even without realizing that what they are doing is wrong. Schizophrenia is one type of psychotic disorder where patients experience changes in behavior and encounter hallucinations and delusions with can last for even more than half a year which greatly diminishes their function and increases their susceptibility to commit crime even without realizing it. Psychiatry   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Psychiatry is a speciality that deals with the treatment, diagnosis and prevention of mental disorders. On the other hand, a mental disorder is a mental anomaly that causes one to not function properly in society. Forensic psychiatry deals with the treatment of criminal offenders with mental disorders. There is evidence of individuals with mental health illnesses either being segregated for care or containment for hundreds of years now. Hoswells (1975) recounts that a psychiatric care of the mentally ill was being practices in the health facilities in Islamic countries as early as the 8th century and India this practice implemented as early as the 10th century. Hospitals dedicated for people with mental health problems in England were present even as early as the Middle Ages, as evidenced by the Bethlem Hospital which was built in 1247. Earlier treatments of individuals with mental illnesses involved the use of milieu therapy, counseling a mong other archaic methods. The story of modern psychiatry began with the introduction of legislation to protect the rights of individuals with mental illness. The Mental Health Act introduced in 1983 was introduced to protect the rights of detained patients with mental illnesses. Psychiatry and the detained juveniles with mental illnesses   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Psychiatry presents the best methods in treating mental disorders especially among the youth who have a higher chance of being reformed as compared to adults with mental illnesses. However, following the findings showing a high prevalence rate of mental illnesses among the youth within the correctional institutions, improvements must be implemented if the detained youth are to undergo complete behavioral rehabilitation (Odgers et al., 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The juvenile offenders in the justice system require supplementary attention given their vulnerability to mental health problems. Research has shown that most of the juvenile offenders have more disorders that can be easily diagnosed if close attention is given to them. While many researchers differ on the number of juveniles with diagnosable disorders, the fraction lies between 50- 70% of the total young population (Colins et al., 2010). Research shows that due to the lack of attention given by the justice authorities, juveniles suffer from more than one mental disorder, with the female juveniles being more inclined to mental health illnesses compare to the male juveniles (Schubert & Mulvey, 2014).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Howard et al. 2013) conducted a study to explore some factors that would lead to increased criminal recidivism among forensic patients. The findings of their study indicated that those who had endured a severe childhood disorders and drug dependence during adolescence were more likely to engage in rescind to their criminal behavioral patterns as compared to those who did not engage in neither childhood conduct disorders nor drug dependence. As such, forensic psychiatrist should consider the past experiences of their patients if they are to successfully rehabilitate their patients. High risk patients who have a past experience of childhood conduct disorders and drug dependence should be monitored carefully monitored and given enough support in order to control their urge to engage into criminal activities after being released from a controlled environment to the community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While the youth with mental illnesses only commit a small fraction of the delinquencies in the community, they are at high risk of offending or re-offending as compared to the youth in the general population. Hence, more research need to be conducted to inform more effective policies to respond appropriately. Particularly, the processing of juveniles in the justice system should be improved so as to identify the youth with critical mental health needs. As such, evidence-based psychiatry services should be incorporated to identify the juveniles who may be in need of long term mental health support. The screening results should then be recorded to provide information that is required for planning and resource development (Grisso, 2008). Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay highlighted the relationship between criminality and mental illnesses at length and it was found that there was a significant relationship but the breath of the definition of mental disorder was a key factor when evaluating this relationship. It was found that some symptoms of mental illness such as depression, confusion, irritability or even thought disorder are not directly related to crime committed given that they can also be categorized as normal personality traits. Hence the breath of the definition of mental illness is key in determining its correlation with crime. This relationship was also evaluated from a legal point of view when determining whether to prosecute offenders with mental illnesses and it was established that such offender should only be prosecuted if there is a high possibility of committing the crime again. Under the UK law, mental disorder is any disability of the mind and does not include alcohol depend ence, immoral conduct nor sexual deviancy. This research essay also discussed psychiatry and it role in treating the detained youth with mental illnesses. While psychiatry presents one of the most effective methods of treating mental illnesses among detained youths, the high prevalence rates of mental illnesses in the juvenile justice systems indicate the need for research based methods in psychiatry services so as to isolate the juvenile who may be in need of long term mental health support. This is because, this group of juveniles pose the highest risk of repeating the crimes they committed with released into the community. References American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text revision (DSM–IV–TR). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. Cauffman, E. et al. (1998). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Female Juvenile Offenders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 37, 1209-16. Charney, D. et al. (1993). Psychobiological Mechanisms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 50, 294-305. Colins, L., Vermeiren, R., Vreughenhil, C., VanDenBrink, W., Doreleijers, T., and Broekaert, E. (2010). Psychiatric disorders in detained male adolescents: A systematic literature review. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 55(4),255-263. Connor, D. (2002). Aggression and Antisocial Behavior in Children and Adolescents. New York, NY: Guilford. Douglas, K. S., Guy, L. S., & Hart, S. D. (2009). Psychosis as a risk factor for violence to others: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 679-706. Gardner, W., Lidz, C., Mulvey, E., & Shaw, E. (1996). A comparison of actuarial methods for identifying repetitively violent patients with mental illness. Law and Human Behavior, 20, 35- 48. Grisso, T. (2008). Adolescent Offenders with Mental Disorders. The Future of Children,18(2), 149-157. Howard, R. McCarthy, L., Huband, N. & Duggan, C. (2013). Re-offending in forensic patients released from secure care: The role of antisocial/borderline personality disorder co-morbidity, substance dependence and severe childhood conduct disorder. Criminal Behavior and Mental Health, 23, 191-202. Howells, J. (ed). (1975). A World History of Psychiatry. New York, NY: Bailliere Tindall. Jimà ©nez, E., Arias, B., Castellvà ­, P., Goikolea, J. M., Rosa, A. R., Faà ±anà ¡sm, L., . . . Benabarre, A. (2012). Impulsivity and functional impairment in bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136, 491-497. Junginger, J., Claypoole, K., Laygo, R., & Cristiani, A. (2006). Effects of serious mental illness and substance use on criminal offense. Psychiatric Services, 57, 879–882. Krueger, R. F., Markon, K. E., Patrick, C. J., Benning, S. D., & Kramer, M. D. (2007). Linking antisocial behavior, substance use, and personality: An integrative quantitative model of the adult externalizing spectrum. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 645-666. Mayo Clinic Staff. (2015). Bipolar disorder. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/basics/definition/con-20027544 McNiel, D. E., Eisner, J. P., & Binder, R. L. (2000). The relationship between command hallucinations and violence. Psychiatric Services, 51, 1288–1292. Novaco, R. W. (2011). Perspectives on anger treatment: Discussion and commentary. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 18, 251–255. Odgers, C. L., Burnette, M. A., Chauhan, P., Moretti, M. & Reppucci, N. (2005). Misdiagnosing the Problem: Mental Health Profiles of Incarcerated Juveniles. Can Child Adolesc Psychiatr Rev., 14(1), 26-29. Peterson, J. K., Skeem, J., Kennealy, P., Bray, B. & Zvonkovic, A. (2014). Law and Human Behavior, 38(5), 439-449. Schubert, C. A. & Mulvey, E. (2014). Behavioral Health Problems, Treatment, and Outcomes in Serious Youthful Offenders. Juvenile Justice Bulletine. Retrieved from http://ojjdp.gov/pubs/242440.pdf Skeem, J. L., Schubert, C., Odgers, C., Mulvey, E. P., Gardner, W., & Lidz, C. (2006). Psychiatric symptoms and community violence among high risk patients: A test of the relationship at the weekly level. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 967-979. The Crown Prosecution Service. (2014). Mental disorder offenders. GOV.UK. Retrieved from http://www.cps.gov.uk/legal/l_to_o/mentally_disordered_offenders/ The Mental Health Foundation. (2002). The Mental Health Needs of Young Offenders. Retrieved from http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/content/assets/PDF/publications/mental_health_needs_young_offenders.pdf?view=Standard Torrey, E. F. (2011). Stigma and violence: isn’t it time to connect the dots? Schizophrenia Bulletin, 37. Advanced online publication. Source document

Leadership Skills To Support Strategic Direction Education Essay

Todaies fast altering and much composite concern universe requires much more from a director than it used to a decennary ago, it requires about a perfect person. Some of the most of import accomplishments for a director could be ; clip direction, prioritising the undertakings, puting SMART aims, and good communicating accomplishments. 1: Time Management: Since concern agencies value, so there is nil valuable so clip for concern forces. The astonishing thing of Time Management is that the balance can be decided objectively and could be self-imposed through the usage of the journal. A director might merely make up one's mind that one hr a hebdomad should be devoted to forces issues and would so apportion a regular block of clip to that activity. If the mill is on blazing, or World War III is declared, the director may hold to re-allocate this clip in a same, designated intent. In same manner clip may be allocated for staff preparation. The entire clip spent in pull offing such long term aim is little, but without that proper be aftering it can non be achieved. Once the Personal Time Management is implemented, it is deserving utilizing some of that control to augment your ain calling. Some quiet weekend, you should be after out your ain long term aims and program a path to them. As you set any long term aim, allocate clip to the sub-tasks and supervise your advancement. If you do non be after your fate, you are improbable to acquire at that place. 2: Prioritizing undertakings: To me once the clip direction accomplishment is good developed this accomplishment comes with it, it ‘s merely to cognize how much clip a undertaking demand. Decidedly a director should be capable of prioritising the undertakings for non to lose any valuable chance. 3: Communication accomplishments: To be a good successful director, you have to wish people and be good at pass oning both written and verbal. This is difficult to deny, If you do n't wish interacting with people, it ‘ll be difficult or even impossible to pull off them good. You must hold good personal contacts in your administration. You need relationships that does non intend needfully personal friendly relationships with a just figure of people, that include your ain employees. You must promote and actuate these people to state you what ‘s traveling on and give you feedback about what people are believing about the company and your function in it as a director. 4: Smart obejectives: This means specific, mensurable, accomplishable, relevant, clip edge. This is what a sound minde director must hold. This is some kind of realistic attack evey director should develop. Leadership skills to back up strategic way of org: 1: A good leader has an model character. It is of most importance that a leader is trusty single to take others. A leader must to be trusted by subsidiaries and be known to populate their life with honestness and unity. Real authorization is evolved from regard for the good character and trustiness of the individual who leads. A 2: A good leader is enthusiastic about their responsiblity and besides about their function as leader. People respond more openly warmy to a individual of passion and dedication. Leaderships must be able to be a good beginning of inspiration, a incentive towards the accomplishments. The duties and functions of a leader could be different, the leader needs to be seen to be major portion of the squad working towards the end accomplishment. This sort of leader will non be chilling to turn over up their arms and acquire dirty. A 3: A good leader must be confident. To take and put way a leader needs to look confident as a personality and in the leading function. Such type of individual inspires others and draws out the trust and best attempts of the squad to finish the undertaking good. A leader who give message of assurance towards the proposed aim inspires the best attempt from squad members. A 4: A leader besides needs to work in an orderly and prooerlyl mode in state of affairss of uncertainness. Peoples look to the leader for counsel during times of uncertainness and strangeness and happen reassurance and security when the leader portrays assurance and a positive demeanour. A 5: Good leaders are tolerant of apresure and stay unagitated, composed and steadfast to the chief intent. Storms, emotions, and all these crises come and go and a good leader takes these as portion of the journey and keeps a cool caput. A 6: A good leader allways maintain the chief end in focal point is able to believe analytically. Not merely does a good leader position a state of affairs as a whole, but is able to interrupt it down into sub parts for closer review. Not merely is the end in position but a good leader can interrupt it down into manageable stairss and do advancement towards it. A 7: A good leader is committed to excellence. Second best does non take to success. The good leader non merely maintains high criterions, but besides is proactive in raising the saloon in order to accomplish excellence in all countries PERSONAL SWOT ANALYSIS: 1 ) STREANGTHS: I can pass on really good, this truly helped me a batch during my work at M.C.B and my clients admired me due to this quality at bank. I can work as a leader this quality proved to be helpful in group treatments at work and survey every bit good peculiarly in group undertakings assignments and presentations. I know the mind of my clients, this truly polished me during my occupation at M.C.B and it besides enhanced my professionalism, which is must in practical life. I can follow the guidelines purely of foremans, this helps to stay close to foremans and one who is occupation holder can truly understand that how of import it is. I have good ego control, during occupation this helps a batch when steering the clients this quality keeps me in bounds of any state of affairs. I can work long hours continuously. I ever plan my work efficaciously before get downing even a individual action towards it. During work I met with different people from different backgrounds and civilization, this enhanced my understanding about civilizations. 2 ) Failing: I am a spot weak at mathematical use and I truly felt this during my occupation because I was working with an organisation covering with money, so I remain to much cautious during my occupation. I am sometime a slow worker so it became a hurdle to run into the deadlines and this besides brings some unfavorable judgment organize other co-workers. I take some clip to follow new things this is because I ever like to cognize deep about anything coming new in my manner. I am a spot low tempered individual so erstwhile others may experience that I ‘m non acting in proper manner. I can non digest any sort of ill-mannered behaviour from any one. 3 ) OPPURTUNITIES: During work at M.C.B I truly learned a batch from my seniors from professionalism point of position. Working in fiscal organisation helped me to the regulations purely and expeditiously. With so many clients to cover with it besides brought me the assurance to undertake the different sorts of state of affairss geting with every new client. Working underpresure besides grabbed some staying power to my personality and helped to better my low temper wont. As a new alumnus and with good cognition of new appliances used in modern banking I helped my seniors to do them understand new engineering this besides created regard for me from my seniors 4 ) Menace: Political intervention in organisations is making some jobs for gifted employees. Due to political attack some un qualified individuals are going portion of concern which creates a low quality and criterion of work. Largely these occupations are contract based this brings limited clip to stay in organisation with fright of occupation loss. Technological factor sometime besides brings job for employees because of less staff in physical visual aspect. Personal accomplishments audit: It is a simple work one merely has to do a list of what one is good at and so merely what one demand to better them more. SKILLS AREA I CAN Make THIS WELL OK, BUT I NEED MORE Practices I CA N'T Make THIS PRIORITY DEVELOPMENT OF THIS SKILL 1 = really of import, 2 = rather of import, 3 = non of import ORGANIZATION OF LEARNING I have schemes to assist me to be after and pull off my clip 1 I am able to efficaciously prioritize my undertakings and activities 1 I am able to work to deadlines 2 I am cognizant of what makes my larning more effectual ( e.g. topographic point to analyze, clip to analyze etc ) 2 Information SEEKING Skill I am able to happen a specific book or diary in the library utilizing the online catalogue ( Talisprism ) 2 I am able to utilize a assortment of different beginnings to happen information ( e.g. diaries. books, electronic resources ) 1 I am able to entree and hunt electronic resources ( online databases, electronic diaries CD-ROMs ) 2 I am able to utilize hunt gateways on the Internet to happen information 3 I am able to measure the information I find 1 Reading AND NOTEMAKING I can make up one's mind which parts of a book I need to read 1 I have a system for entering where I find information ( e.g. book, writer, day of the month ) 3 I can choose and utilize different reading schemes ( e.g. skim, scan, in-depth ) 1 I can do effectual notes when reading 1 I can do effectual notes when hearing ( e.g. during talks ) 2 I have a system for entering and hive awaying my notes 1 Skills Area I Can Make This Well Ok, But I Need More Practice I Ca n't Make This Priority Development Of This Skill 1 = Very Important, 2 = Quite Important, 3 = Not Important Writing Skill I can analyze assignment ( essay, describe etc ) inquiries to find what is expected 1 I understand the difference between an essay and study 2 I can bring forth a written program to reply an assignment inquiry 1 I can mark, utilize grammar and spelling right 1 I am confident I can show my thoughts clearly in written signifier 1 I am able to accommodate my composing manners to accommodate the appropriate media/audience 1 I understand the demand to cite my work to avoid plagiarism 2 SPOKEN COMMUNICATION I am able to show my positions verbally 1 I am confident speech production in forepart of a group of people 1 I can fix, program and present a presentation 2 I can utilize ocular AIDSs to back up a presentation 2 I work good as a member of a group or squad 1 I am able to listen to and appreciate the positions of others 1 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY I am able to utilize a word processing package bundle to bring forth my assignments 1 I can utilize a assortment of different computing machine package ( e.g. Word, PowerPoint, Excel, Access ) 3 Working WITH NUMBERS I am competent in doing simple computations 1 I can show numerical information accurately 2 I can aptly utilize a assortment of numerical techniques ( e.g. per centums, fractions, decimals ) 3 I can construe and present information in graphs and illustrations 2 REVISION AND EXAM TECHNIQUES I am able to be after my alteration clip 1 I am able to put myself ends 1 I am able to utilize a assortment of different alteration techniques ( e.g. practising inquiries, head function etc ) 2 I can choose and utilize techniques to assist me retain and remember information 1 I use schemes to assist me in the test room ( e.g. planning clip, get bying with anxiousness ) 1 STRESS MANAGEMENT I know what causes emphasis 1 I am cognizant of my personal symptoms of emphasis 2 I can utilize schemes to assist me get by with my emphasis 1 PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Planning I am able to place my personal ends 1 I am a good justice of what my strengths and countries for development are 1 I am able to place chances for larning outside my class, e.g. nines, societies, employment 2 I am able to be after for my personal development 1 Positive results of PDP: Some positive results of taking a personal development attack to your surveies are: A It helps in deriving a clearer focal point to your acquisition. Helps to maintain yourself motivated towrds ends. Provises better apprehension of how you learn and how to better your public presentation. More enjoyment and less emphasis and confusion from your acquisition as you become consciously skilled. More consciousness of how to use your larning to practical life and work outing new jobs and contexts. Professional thought accomplishments that can beef up academic public presentation. Benefits of PDP to professional life Brands thoughts more clear about the sort of life and work you want. Brings greater assurance degree in the picks you make. Greater assurance in the accomplishments developed, brings qualities and attributes to the calling of your pick. Bing in a better place to vie for occupations. It helps you to be able to discourse your accomplishments, personal qualities and competencies with employers. Better problem-solving and planning accomplishments. It develops the positive attitudes and attacks in personality associated with successful professional life. Benefits of PDP to personal life A better apprehension of yourself and how you ‘tick. ‘ Bing in a better place to do appropriate picks to run into your aspirations. Greater consciousness of your demands and how to run into these. Greater consciousness of the alone part you can do. Developing a positive, advanced attack. REFRENCES: Wiziq instruction online ( 2008 ) . Study skills Audit [ online ] . Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wiziq.com/tutorial/93902-Study-Skills-Audit Nasir, M. Saeed ( 2004 ) . Introduction to concern. Imtiaz Book Depot. Nasir, M. Saeed ( 2002 ) . Skills to thrive. Imtiaz Book Depot. Decenzo, A. David & A ; Robbins, P. Stephen ( 2007 ) . Fundamentalss of HRM. Wiley India.

Simple Math Vocabulary for ESL EFL Classes

Simple Math Vocabulary for ESL EFL Classes Its important to know the right math vocabulary when speaking about mathematics in class. This page provides math vocabulary for basic calculations. Basic Math Vocabulary - plus Example: 2 2Two plus two - - minus Example: 6 - 4Six minus four x OR * - times Example: 5 x 3 OR 5 * 3Five times three - equals Example: 2 2 4Two plus two equals four. - is less than Example: 7 10Seven is less than ten. - is greater than Example: 12 8Twelve is greater than eight. ≠¤ - is less than or equal to Example: 4 1 ≠¤ 6Four plus one is less than or equal to six. ≠¥ - is more than or equal to Example: 5 7 ≠¥ 10Five plus seven is equal to or greater than ten. ≠  - is not equal to Example: 12 ≠  15Twelve is not equal to fifteen. / OR à · - divided by Example: 4 / 2 OR 4 à · 2Four divided by two. 1/2 - one half Example: 1 1/2One and one half. 1/3 - one third Example: 3 1/3Three and one third. 1/4 - one quarter Example: 2 1/4Two and one quarter 5/9, 2/3, 5/6 - five ninths, two thirds, five-sixths Example: 4 2/3Four and two thirds % - percent Example: 98%Ninety-eight percent.

Module 3 TD-HRM 401 - Recruitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Module 3 TD-HRM 401 - Recruitment - Essay Example Human resource management entails welfare of staff and performance hence through this evaluations will an organization realize its long-term goals. A human resource manager should be able to account for all the employees of a given organization. Plans should be based on performance of each individual. The organization may choose performance appraisal model to determine future cause of action. Each staff is given a target to achieve and when evaluating the actual output is compared to the target given hence giving the management the opportunity to recommendation positively or recommendation for improvement. The performance appraisals will eventually improve individual performance since each staff will be aiming for a reward hence performing above the set standards (Dransfield, 2000). The manager may use the Balanced Scorecard approach in his or her attempt to measure and improve individual performance. The approach links the employee directly to the output of the organization. The improvement of each employee will reflect on the overall performance of the company. The human resource will be compelled in designing formulas that w ill enhance individual performance and at the same time maximize on the potential of each individual. The contemporary performance management is aimed at maximizing employees input and hence maximizing on the organizational

Historical leaders in quality improvement Research Paper

Historical leaders in quality improvement - Research Paper Example services, affecting the manners on which risks are perceived, care is organized, and healthcare providers are supported (McLaughlin and Kaluzny, 2006). By recognizing and applying the organizational and production principles in the manufacturing sector, healthcare professionals can improve the delivery of healthcare services suited to the needs of the patient or organization. As such, fitting the curative environment to an individual’s or organization’s needs is important in beating the production goals. This approach can also be employed in the delivery of healthcare services to a single patient or population through a definite disease management program (McLaughlin and Kaluzny, 2006). Thus, reflecting on the lives of healthcare quality leaders is insightful. Florence Nightingale is known as a hospital reformer and a pioneer of nursing. She strived for innovations not only in nursing care, but in hospital administration as well. In 1854, along with well-trained women, Nightingale served the British military hospital during the Crimean War. She documented her observations on the victims and casualties of war by means of statistical applications, treatment, and analysis of mortality and injury cases. She used line diagrams to show the comparison of mortality cases between civilian and military personnel and presented such to government authorities through polar-area diagrams. From 1854 to 1856, in a British military hospital in Turkey, Nightingale led nursing efforts where she prioritized clothing and bedding supplies for the casualties of war and emphasized the need for a more sanitary clinical environment (Knudsen and Debon, 2003). She used to visit wards, even late at night, looking after the conditions of ill soldiers. This exemplary p erseverance, dedication, and patience made her to earn the title â€Å"The Lady with the Lamp.† After six months, the mortality rate in the military camp fell from 60% to 2% (Knudsen and Debon, 2003). Through her efforts,